IGNOU MCA MCSE-003 Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Management SOLVED ASSIGNMENTS 2014-2015

IGNOU MCA MCSE-003 SOLVED ASSIGNMENTS 2014-2015 Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Management V  FIFTH SEMESTER 

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  Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Management  MCSE-003

This assignment has Ten questions and carries 80 marks. The rest of the 20 marks are for viva-voce. Answer all the questions. You may use illustrations and diagrams to enhance the explanations. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the Programme Guide for the format of presentation.

Q.1. a) Explain with suitable examples, significance of each of the following in solving problems
          i) Contextual information
          ii) Simultaneous availability of information

 b) Discuss relations between ‘organisation’, ‘information’ and ‘intelligence’.

Q.2. a) For each of the following formulae, construct a truth-table, and then determine whether it is valid, consistent or inconsistent:
i) (~ C → ~ D) → (D → C)
ii) ((~ C ˅ D) → B) → (~ C → B)

b) Determine whether the following equivalence between the formulae on two sides of ‘=’ holds or not (A → B) → C = (A → B) → (A → C) ?, by reducing each of the formulae on the two sides of ‘=’ to one of the normal forms (DNF or CNF).

Q.3. Translate first statements, given in the following argument into Propositional Logic, and then show that the conclusion logically follows from the premisses (given statements):

 Premisses: Either taxes are increased, or if expenditures rise, then the debt ceiling is raised. If taxes are increased, then the cost of collecting taxes increases. If a rise in expenditures implies that the government borrows more money, then if the debt ceiling is raised, then interest rates increase. If taxes are not increased and the cost of collecting taxes does not increase, then if the debt ceiling is raised, then the government borrows more money. The cost of collecting taxes does not increase. Either interest rates do not increase or the government does not borrow more money.

Conclusion: Either the debt ceiling is not raised or expenditures do not rise.

You may use the symbols:
(T: Taxes are increased. E: Expenditures rise. D: The debt ceiling is raised. C: The cost of collecting taxes increases. G: The government borrows more money. I: Interest rates increase).

Q.4. Transform the following formula first in Prenex Normal Form and then into Skolem Standard Form ( x) ( [( y) ( z) (~ P (x, y) Q (x, z))] → ( u) R (x, y, u) )

Q.5. Translate the following three statements in First Order Predicate Logic, and then deduce (iii) from (i) and (ii):

(You should not use resolution method)
 i) Lord Krishna is loved by everyone who loves someone. ii) No one loves nobody iii) Lord Krishna is loved by everyone.

Q.6. a) Write a recursive function in LISP named power that takes two numeric arguments, n and m, that computes n th power of m (i.e., m n ).

b) Write a PROLOG programme that answers questions about family members and relationships. Include predicates and rules which define sister, brother, father, mother, grandfather, grand-child and uncle. The programme should be able to answer queries such as the following:
? – father (X, mohit)
 ? – grandson (X, Y)
? – uncle (abdul, ruksana)
 ? – mother (mary, X)

Q.7. a) Give Semantic Net representation of the facts given below :

“Ramesh is a 52 year old Professor of Mathematics in Delhi University. The name of his wife, son and daughter are respectively Seema, Yash and Kavita”.

b) Create a frame network for terrestrial motor vehicles (cars, trucks, motorcycles) and give one complete frame in detail for cars which includes the slots for the main component parts, their attributes, and relations between parts. Include an as-needed slot for the gas of each type mileage.

Q.8. a) For the following fuzzy sets: X = {x/7, y/3, z/0, u/1, v/4} and Y = {x/3, y/8, z/6, u/9, v/0} Find (i) X Y (ii) X Y (iii) (X Y)

b) Write a note on Non-monotonic reasoning systems.

c) Discuss briefly various methods/ mechanism for handling incompleteness of a knowledge-base (KB).

Q.9. Translate the following argument into FOPL and then using Deductive Rules of Inference (given in Unit 2 of Block 2) prove/ refute the following argument.
No man who is a candidate will be defeated if he is a good campaigner. Any man who runs for office is a candidate. Any candidate who is not defeated will be elected. Every man who is elected is a good campaigner. Therefore, any man who runs for office will be elected if and only if he is a good campaigner.
You may use the notation
 (Mx, Cx, Dx, Gx, Rx, Ex)

Q.10. a) Describe briefly each of the components of an expert system shell.
         b) What is an agent? Discuss briefly different (at least four) types of agents.